Market and Exchange Differences

Understanding different market types and how HaasScript handles them is crucial for building strategies that work correctly across various trading scenarios.

Market Types

Spot Trading

Spot trading involves buying and selling actual assets. When you buy on spot, you own the asset.

Characteristics:

• You own the actual asset
• No leverage (1:1)
• Only long positions (buy low, sell high)
• Settlement is immediate
• Example: Buy BTC with USDT, own the BTC

HaasScript Behavior:

-- DoBuy() generates a BUY signal
DoBuy("Buy BTC")

-- DoSell() generates a SELL signal
DoSell("Sell BTC")

-- DoExitPosition() sends a SELL signal to close position
DoExitPosition("Close position")

Margin Trading

Margin trading allows you to trade with borrowed funds, enabling both long and short positions.

Characteristics:

• Trade with borrowed funds (leverage)
• Both long and short positions
• Interest costs on borrowed funds
• Example: Borrow USDT to buy BTC (long), or borrow BTC to sell (short)

HaasScript Behavior:

-- DoBuy() generates a LONG signal
DoBuy("Open long position")

-- DoSell() generates a SHORT signal
DoSell("Open short position")

-- DoExitPosition() sends an EXIT signal to close position
DoExitPosition("Close position")

Leverage Trading (Futures/Perpetuals)

Leverage trading involves futures contracts or perpetual swaps with leverage.

Characteristics:

• Futures contracts or perpetual swaps
• High leverage available (10x, 20x, 100x+)
• Both long and short positions
• Funding rates (for perpetuals)
• Liquidation risk
• Example: BTC/USDT Perpetual with 20x leverage

HaasScript Behavior:

-- DoBuy() generates a LONG signal
DoBuy("Open long position")

-- DoSell() generates a SHORT signal
DoSell("Open short position")

-- DoExitPosition() sends an EXIT signal to close position
DoExitPosition("Close position")

Signal Behavior by Market Type

HaasScript trading commands automatically adapt their behavior based on market type:

Command	Spot	Margin/Leverage
DoBuy() / DoLong()	Buy signal	Long signal
DoSell() / DoShort()	Sell signal	Short signal
DoExitPosition()	Sell signal	Exit signal

Example: Universal Strategy

local rsi = RSI(ClosePrices(), 14)

-- This works on any market type
if rsi < 30 then
    DoLong("RSI oversold")
elseif rsi > 70 then
    DoShort("RSI overbought")
end

-- Exit works on any market type
local positionDirection = GetPositionDirection()
if rsi > 60 and positionDirection == PositionLong then
    DoExitPosition("Take profit")
end

Market Detection

HaasScript automatically detects your current market type and adjusts command behavior accordingly.

Check Current Market

local base = BaseCurrency()
local quote = QuoteCurrency()
local market = PriceMarket()

Log("Trading " .. base .. "/" .. quote .. " (id: " .. market .. ")")
-- Market type is handled automatically by HaasScript

Price Data by Market Type

-- Price data works the same across all market types
local currentPrice = CurrentPrice()
local closePrices = ClosePrices()
local highPrices = HighPrices()
local lowPrices = LowPrices()

-- Technical analysis works the same
local rsi = RSI(ClosePrices(), 14)
local macd = MACD(ClosePrices(), 12, 26, 9)

Position Handling

Spot Positions

-- On spot, you can only have long positions
if GetPositionDirection() == PositionBought then -- or PositionLong
    Log("Holding spot position")
end

-- HasShortPosition() returns false on spot
if GetPositionDirection() == PositionSold then -- or PositionShort
    Log("No short position on spot")
end

if GetPositionDirection() == NoPosition then
    Log("Not bought yet")
end

Margin/Leverage Positions

-- On margin/leverage, you can have both
if GetPositionDirection() == PositionBought then -- or PositionLong
    Log("Holding long position")
end

if GetPositionDirection() == PositionSold then -- or PositionShort
    Log("Holding short position")
end

if GetPositionDirection() == NoPosition then
    Log("No position open")
end

Exchange Differences

Order Types

Different exchanges support different order types:

-- Basic order types (supported by most exchanges)
PlaceGoLongOrder(price, amount, market, LimitOrderType, "Limit order")
PlaceGoLongOrder(price, amount, market, MarketOrderType, "Market order")

-- Advanced order types (exchange-specific)
PlaceGoLongOrder(price, amount, market, StopLimitOrderType, "Stop-limit order")
PlaceGoLongOrder(price, amount, market, StopMarketOrderType, "Stop-market order")

Price and Amount Precision

Exchanges have different precision requirements:

-- Get exchange-specific precision
local priceDecimals = PriceDecimals()
local amountDecimals = AmountDecimals()

local price = 45000.123456
local amount = 0.12345678

-- Round to exchange precision
local adjustedPrice = Round(price, priceDecimals)
local adjustedAmount = Round(amount, amountDecimals)

Minimum Order Sizes

-- Check minimum order size
local minAmount = MinimumTradeAmount()

local amount = 0.001
if amount < minAmount then
    Log("Order amount too small")
end

Trading Constraints

Spot Constraints

-- On spot, you need the quote currency to buy
local account = AccountInformation()
local quoteBalance = Balance({coin = QuoteCurrency()})

if quoteBalance.available > 100 then
    DoBuy("Sufficient balance to buy")
end

-- And to sell, you need the base currency
local baseBalance = Balance({coin = BaseCurrency()})

if baseBalance.available > 0.01 then
    DoSell("Have assets to sell")
end

Margin/Leverage Constraints

-- On margin/leverage, you need sufficient collateral
local account = AccountGuid()
local availableMargin = Balance(account).available

if availableMargin > 100 then
    DoLong("Sufficient margin to open position")
end

-- Calculate required margin
local price = CurrentPrice().close
local amount = 0.1
local leverage = 10

local requiredMargin = UsedMargin(PriceMarket(), price, amount, leverage)

if availableMargin > requiredMargin then
    DoLong("Sufficient margin for position")
end

Market-Specific Strategies

Spot-Only Strategy

local rsi = RSI(ClosePrices(), 14)

-- Simple buy low, sell high
if rsi < 30 then
    DoBuy("Oversold")
elseif rsi > 70 then
    DoSell("Overbought")
end

Long/Short Strategy

local rsi = EasyRSI(1, 'RSI')
local macd = EasyMACD(2, 'MACD')

-- Trade both directions
if rsi == SignalLong and macd == SignalLong then
    DoLong("Oversold + MACD bullish")
elseif rsi == SignalShort and macd == SignalShort then
    DoShort("Overbought + MACD bearish")
end

Adapt to Market Type

if MarketType() == SpotTrading then
    -- Run spot trading
elseif MarketType() == LeverageTrading then
    -- Run margin/leverage trading
end

Best Practices

1. Write universal strategies that work on all market types
2. Check balances before placing orders
3. Use proper signal commands (DoLong/DoShort) for automatic adaptation
4. Handle position exits for both long and short
5. Consider margin requirements when using leverage
6. Test on multiple market types to ensure compatibility
7. Account for exchange differences in order types and precision
8. Monitor position state with HasLongPosition()/HasShortPosition()

Summary

• Spot: Buy/sell actual assets, long only
• Margin: Trade with borrowed funds, both long/short
• Leverage: Futures/perpetuals with high leverage, both long/short
• Automatic adaptation: DoLong/DoShort/DoExitPosition adapt to market type
• Universal strategies: Write once, works on all market types
• Exchange differences: Order types, precision, minimum sizes
• Consider constraints: Balance requirements, margin, collateral

Understanding market types ensures your strategy behaves correctly regardless of whether you're trading spot, margin, or futures.